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Aerospace Instrument-Making

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Cosmos as a tool for investigation of the physical-chemical processes in combustion and the technology for materials processing
В.М. Мальцев, А.Е. Сычев, С.К. Орджоникидзе

External influences - intense gas flow, sound, high overload, incompatibility, electromagnetic, field, laser irradiation, etc. - are known to affect combustion. Experiments in space provide the possibility of investigating also the effect of such factors as microgravity, deep vacuum, infrared solar radiation, electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, etc. Of especial interest is combustion synthesis (SHS) of new materials under microgravity conditions. In this paper, we overview the modes of SHS combustion, experimental techniques for investigating rapid combustion processes, and the mechanisms of combustion under microgravity. Our space experiments aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of combustion and structure formation in SHS systems under microgravity. Some SHS reactions were found to generate refractory materials in the form of foam or grain-reinforced composites. Some multiphase composites can be prepared by performing SHS in the field of gravity.In case of melted SHS products, the field of gravity strongly affects the shape of particles by suppressing the action of surface tension. High vacuum may be used for degassing SHS products.

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